In summary, we accomplished a 1485 nm eye-safe intra-cavity diamond cascaded Raman laser with substantial peak electrical power and narrow linewidth. Benefitting from using composite crystal As well as in-band pumping and The great manner matching furnished by the V-formed folded cavity, the machine realized an average output electricity of 2.
Tm:YAG crystals, However, have found a cushty household in superior-electric power apps, like distant sensing and LIDAR programs. Their outstanding electrical power handling abilities established them apart, even within the experience of their lower attain parameters.
We report over a superior average electrical power and substantial repetition amount nanosecond pulsed eye-safe KGW Raman laser intracavity driven by an acousto-optic Q-switched 1342 nm two-crystal Nd:YVO4 laser. Taking benefits of the carefully selected two-composite-laser-crystal configuration, the comprehensively optimized gate-open up time of acousto-optic modulator along with the ingeniously created U-formed resonator, sizeable electricity and efficiency enhancements as well as superior method matching are already enabled.
This higher absorption permits precise Electricity delivery on the concentrate on tissue all through health-related strategies, minimizing collateral harm to encompassing tissues, an element of paramount significance in sensitive surgeries and therapies. On top of that, the Ho:YAG’s eye-safe radiation more enhances the safety of health care strategies, mitigating prospective ocular hazards for both equally medical employees and individuals. Consequently, Holmium-doped materials have already been instrumental in reworking quite a few health care applications, bringing about improvements in safety, precision, and results. These developments have reaffirmed the worth of Ho:YAG and various Holmium-doped resources in the attention-safe laser landscape, promising continued utility and affect Sooner or later.
Figure four(b) provides the 2nd-Stokes emission spectrum for 27.two W incident pump electricity. It may be seen that only the second-Stokes emission might be noticed, even though the basic and the initial-Stokes emission can be hardly noticed. This is mainly attributed on the economical Raman conversion plus the small transmission at the elemental laser and the very first-Stokes laser in the output coupler M4. According to the Raman laser theoretical design[39], as a way to realize productive next-Stokes lasers, the brink of the 2nd-Stokes laser is needed to get sufficiently better than that of the 1st-Stokes laser so that the strong first-Stokes area is usually proven, which efficiently depletes the elemental laser and enhances the 2nd-Stokes get. The coating design of output coupler M4 understood successful cascaded Raman conversion. On top of that, the Raman conversion performance was also effectively improved by decreasing the place dimensions of the basic laser around the diamond and altering the polarization course of the basic laser to match the course of diamond �?11�? The very settled spectrum of the 2nd-Stokes emission is revealed while in the inset of Fig. three(b), which shows a center wavelength Positioned at 1485.9 nm plus a resolution-constrained linewidth of only 0.
The performance and performance of any laser program are mostly dictated by its obtain parameters. Equally Yb:Er:glass and Tm:YAG show distinctive qualities Within this aspect, Each and every leveraging its unique capabilities to stick out in the broad spectrum of laser crystals.
This aspect of superior optical attain don't just permits a robust general performance but additionally promotes effectiveness. The a lot less energy necessary to make a strong laser beam, the greater useful resource-economical the laser system turns into.
The superior obtain serves as the muse for amplifying mild alerts, contributing to the more intensive and concentrated output laser beam that Yb:Er:glass is known for.
The one.four–one.eight µm eye-safe lasers are already commonly Employed in the fields of laser drugs and laser detection and ranging. The diamond Raman lasers are effective at offering outstanding qualities, these kinds of pretty much as good beam quality concomitantly with high output power. The intra-cavity diamond Raman lasers have the advantages of compactness and small Raman thresholds in comparison to the external-cavity Raman lasers. Nonetheless, thus far, the intra-cavity diamond cascaded Raman lasers inside the spectral region of the attention-safe laser have an output electricity of just a few hundred milliwatts.
Determine 5(a) demonstrates the heartbeat width and peak electric power of the 2nd-Stokes laser being a functionality from the incident pump energy at fifty kHz. The pulse width is lower than two ns and it decreases With all the expanding pump depth. The heart beat width may be as slender as 1.one ns at 27.2 W, that's significantly shortened as compared to that of the fundamental laser and could be predominantly attributed towards the Raman pulse compression[15]. Furthermore, the cascaded Raman course of action may also boost the influence of the pulse compression[forty three]. In addition, this kind of a brief pulse width may also have arisen within the shorter Raman cavity, that can decrease the spherical journey time in the Stokes photons and make the Construct-up of the Stokes laser pulse faster. Correspondingly, the height electric power of an individual pulse reaches approximately 40 kW. Here is the optimum peak electricity at any time described for your eye-safe diamond Raman lasers to the very best of our knowledge. The average output ability and peak electrical power as a operate of your PRF are proven in Fig.
Higher typical power and superior repetition amount eye-safe Raman laser driven by a two-crystal Nd:YVO4 laser
Transferring on to Tm:YAG, the narrative shifts a bit. This laser crystal includes a dominant emission line in the vicinity of two.0 µm, a range that may be also regarded as eye-safe. Even so, it’s the distinctive Attributes linked to this specific wavelength that actually established Tm:YAG apart.
Whilst eye-safe lasers are safer, inappropriate dealing with can continue to pose dangers, such as thermal injuries or accidental beam route to the eye.
This is a preview of membership information, log in by means of an institution to examine accessibility. Access this short article
Eye Safe Laser Crystal Module The destruction threshold for human eye is higher every time a laser which has a wavelength higher than 1.4 um, mainly because when it truly is irradiated to the human eye, nearly all of its mild intensity is absorbed through the vitreous human body, so It is far from easy to wreck the retina at a specific ability.( Taking the 1.57um laser as an example, according to the US countrywide security expectations, its safe exposure to human eye is 400 thousand times that of here the 1.06um Nd:YAG laser currently made use of.